Tool to direct bone graft

ABSTRACT

A tool for directing bone replacement material under pressure comprising an elongated hollow tube having a proximal end, a distal end, and a longitudinal axis; the distal end including at least one opening having a deflection structure configured to deflect the bone replacement material out of the tube at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube in response to pressure applied to the bone replacement material such that the deflected bone replacement material creates a force with at least a portion of the force generally oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/608,079, filed Jun. 30, 2000, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/738,726, filed Dec. 15, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,025,771, issued Apr. 11, 2006.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a tool for use injecting bone replacement material into a cavity within a bone, especially when the cavity includes a bag which is to be inflated within the cavity.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,549,679 issued Aug. 20, 1996 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,571,189 which issued Nov. 5, 1996 disclose an expandable fabric bag and method for stabilizing a spinal motion segment. In those patents, a damaged disc is reamed out and an expandable fabric bag is inserted into the cavity thus formed. Bone graft material is then inserted into the bag to fill and expand the bag such that the filled bag will take the place of the reamed out disc. Over time, the material within the bag will cause stabilization by either fibrous or bony fusion or a combination of these between the adjacent vertebrae. The bag filling is through an opening which is closed off after filling.

The art described in this section is not intended to constitute an admission that any patent, publication or other information referred to herein is “prior art” with respect to this invention, unless specifically designated as such. In addition, this section should not be construed to mean that a search has been made or that no other pertinent information as defined in 37 C.F.R.sctn.1.56(a) exists.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a tool which dramatically increases the distraction forces within an expandable fabric bag held within a reamed out disc. Distraction consists of a force that is perpendicular to the long axis of the injection tube, thereby producing distraction or increased separation distance between the bony structures that are perpendicular to the long axis of the injection tube. This allows the spacing between the vertebrae to be adjusted by inflating the bag as desired. The tool may be used in connection with any surgical application in which graft material is to be deployed and is not limited to use in connection with discs or where bags are required.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A detailed description of the invention is hereafter described with specific reference being made to the drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a distal end of a filling tool of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the distal end of the tool of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the distal end of the filling tool of the invention showing bone material therewithin;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a bag to be filled showing the filling tool inserted into the bag opening;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a distal end of an alternate filling tool of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of the distal end of the tool of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a top view of the opening at the distal end of the tool of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a representation of the effects of temperature change on the filled tubes of the invention showing a filled tube in cross-section;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a graft insertion tool suitable for use with inserting a band;

FIG. 10 is a side view of the tool shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a top down view of the tool of FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 is a side view of the tool of FIG. 9 seen dislocating the fibers of a band; and

FIG. 13 is a top down cut away view of the tool of FIG. 9 as may be seen during graft insertion.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,571,189 and 5,549,679 are incorporated herein by reference. They show an expandable fabric bag which is to be inflated within a reamed out disc space by introduction of bone replacement material through the bag opening. As shown in FIG. 4, bag 10 of the patents is a fabric bag having an opening 12. The opening 12 may be closed off by any number of methods. It has been found that insertion of the bone graft material into the bag may result in low distraction forces and may allow the fill tube to be blown back out of the bag opening when fill pressure is increased.

The bone replacement material might be one or more of the following, or any other biocompatible material judged to have the desired physiologic response:

-   A) Morselized bone graft, cortical, cancellous, or     cortico-cancellous, including autograft, allograft, or xenograft. -   B) Any bone graft substitute or combination of bone graft     substitutes, or combinations of bone graft and bone graft     substitutes, or bone inducing substances, including but not limited     to:

Hydroxyapatite

Bone morphogenic protein

Calcified or decalcified bone derivative

-   C) Bone cements, such as ceramic and polymethylmethacrylate bone     cements.

The inventive fill tool 18 of FIGS. 1-4 involves an elongated hollow tube 20 having a proximal end which is attached to a source of bone replacement material under pressure and a distal end 22 which includes the inventive features. As seen, the distal end 22 includes a deflector 24 which deflects flow of bone replacement material 26 out the side openings 30, 32 at an angle. One or more side openings 30, 32 may be present. The deflector 24 as shown in FIG. 3 includes two side openings 30, 32 and the deflector is basically a tapered wedge which diverts flow outwardly to both sides. If only a single side opening is present, the deflector would deflect all flow to that side opening.

As shown in FIG. 4, a single side opening 30 allows deflection of the bone replacement material into the expandable fabric bag 10 at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the filling tool such that internal forces building up within the bag do not cause the tool 18 to be ejected out along its longitudinal axis. Rather, any forces inside the bag are exerted back on the sides of the tool 18 against the side walls of the bag, preventing ejection of the tool 18 and allowing more pressure to be applied within the bag 10.

The forces during filling provided by the device are perpendicular to the axis of the tube to stop tear through, to prevent the tube from being pushed out during filling, to direct the flow to get the distraction desired and to reduce the overall forces required. A straight tube with an open end has no distraction forces perpendicular to the tube and merely lays a long column of replacement material that needs to buckle before more material can be extruded from the tube. The inventive device breaks up the column of replacement material in the tube by cantilever forces. A straight tube with an open end creates a rigid bar of replacement material that can break a containment bag or damage body structures they press against or cause the tube to be ejected from the neck of the bag or body cavity opening.

FIGS. 5-7 show an alternative fill tube 40 having a single side opening 30. As shown, the apex 42 is partially closed and the tube is angled toward the apex 42 to help guide and direct the material within the tube out to the side opening 30.

Tests show a dramatic increase in distraction forces for filling a bag with a tool of the invention in comparison to a fill tool which has an opening in line with its longitudinal axis. Since bone replacement material tends to become quite rigid under pressure, injection of bone replacement material into the bag at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the fill tube allows the bag to inflate and create forces which are not directed to eject the fill tool.

If the internal diameter of the tube is D, the length of the side opening 30 is preferably between about 1½ to 3D. If the side opening 30 length is only 1D or smaller, harder pushing is required and packing of the material may result in the tube. The distal end of the tube 40 towards the apex 42 is also preferably angled to direct the flow and to break down any material that has packed back into more discrete pieces. The end adjacent the apex 42 of the tool may be completely closed or open up to ½D which still provides good side direction of product.

FIG. 8 depicts a filled tube 20, 40 of the invention which has been filled with bone replacement material 26. The invention contemplates cooling the tubes prior to use and warming them just prior to use such that expansion of the metal tube causes expansion to help decrease friction to the tube. In addition, if thawing occurs at the metal interface with the bone replacement material, a liquid layer will be formed to lubricate the replacement material within the tube. This allows easier egress of material within the tube.

As may be seen in FIG. 9, the tool may also be used to insert a single walled band into a cavity formed in a spinal disc as disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application entitled Expandable Tube for Spinal Stabilization, to Kuslich, and is filed concurrently herewith. The entire contents of the aforementioned concurrently filed application is incorporated herein by reference. As shown in FIG. 12 and 13, the band 50 is shown with a graft insertion tool 60 being inserted into the interior 52 of the band 50 by passing through one of the spaces or pores 54. The shape of the tool 60 as may best be seen in FIGS. 9-11 is essentially an elongate shaft 62 having a tapered or pointed distal end 64.

The tapered distal end 64 of the tool 60 is sized to enlarge the opening 54 to allow passage of the tool 60 into the interior 52 by pushing aside the various fibers 56 as may best be seen in FIG. 12. The fibers 56 are disposed to open the pore 54 from its nominal diameter of 0.25 to 5 mm to an enlarged opening sufficient to allow passage of a portion of the shaft 62 therethrough

The extent of tool penetration into the band interior 52 must be sufficient to allow the side opening 66 to be fully contained within the band interior 52. The tool 60 may include more than one side opening 66.

As shown in FIG. 13, the side opening 66 allows insertion of the bone graft material into the band interior 52. The tool 60 includes a means for pushing graft material from within the shaft 62, through the side opening 66 and into the band interior 52.

While this invention may be embodied in many different forms, there are shown in the drawings and described in detail herein specific preferred embodiments of the invention. The present disclosure is an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments illustrated. For example, the inventive device and methods may be used whenever replacement material needs to be directed into a defined location and not just when a bag is to be filled within a disc cavity.

This completes the description of the preferred and alternate embodiments of the invention. Those skilled in the art may recognize other equivalents to the specific embodiment described herein which equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the claims attached hereto. 

1. A tool for directing bone replacement material under pressure comprising: an elongated hollow tube having a proximal end, a distal end and a longitudinal axis; the distal end including at least one opening having a deflection structure configured to deflect the bone replacement material out of the tube at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube in response to pressure applied to the bone replacement material such that the deflected bone replacement material creates a force with at least a portion of the force generally oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube.
 2. A tool for directing bone replacement material under pressure comprising: an elongated hollow tube having a proximal end, a distal end and a longitudinal axis; the distal end including at least one means for deflecting the bone replacement material out of the tube at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube in response to pressure applied to the bone replacement material such that the deflected bone replacement material creates a force with at least a portion of the force generally oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube.
 3. A tool for directing bone replacement material under pressure comprising: an elongated tube having a proximal end, a distal end and a longitudinal axis; the tube filled with bone replacement material creating a columnar configuration of the bone replacement material in the tube in response to pressure applied to the proximal end of the tube; the distal end of the tube including at least one opening having a cantilevered deflection structure configured to deflect bone replacement material out of the tube at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube in response to pressure applied to the bone replacement material such that the cantilevered deflection structure creates a force that breaks up the columnar configuration of the bone replacement material when the bone replacement material is pushed against the cantilevered deflection structure.
 4. A tool for directing bone replacement material under pressure comprising: an elongated hollow tube having a proximal end, a distal end and a longitudinal axis; the tube filled with bone replacement material creating a columnar configuration of the bone replacement material in the tube in response to pressure applied to the proximal end of the tube; the distal end including at least one means for deflection of the bone replacement material out of the tube at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube in response to pressure applied to the bone replacement material such that the means for deflection creates a force that breaks up the columnar configuration of the bone replacement material when the bone replacement material is pushed against the means for deflection.
 5. A method of directing bone replacement material under pressure into a cavity comprising the steps of: (a) providing an elongated hollow tube having a proximal end, a distal end and a longitudinal axis, the distal end including at least one opening having a deflection structure; (b) positioning the distal end into a first position in the cavity; (c) applying pressure to the bone replacement material; (d) deflecting the bone replacement material out of the tube into the cavity at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube; (e) selectively orienting the distal end of the tube to a second position in the cavity to guide and deflect the bone replacement material; (f) applying pressure to the bone replacement material; (g) deflecting the bone replacement material out of the tube into the cavity at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the tube.
 6. The method of claim 5 further including the step of: repeating steps (e)-(g) until the desired amount of bone replacement material is delivered. 